CONTAMINATION AND 

ENVIROMENT

CONTAMINATION...

POLLUTION AIR

Carbon Monoxide (CO): A colorless, odorless gas. occurs as a result of incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels such as gasoline, oil and wood, and natural and synthetic products, such as cigarette smoke. It is found in high concentrations in enclosed spaces such as garages and tunnels with poor ventilation, and even in congested traffic roads.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is the main cause of global warming. It originates from the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas. In liquid or solid sunburn, frostbite, and blindness. Inhalation is toxic if found in high concentrations, can cause increased breathing rate, unconsciousness and even death.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): When released into the atmosphere, rise into the stratosphere. Once there, the CFC chemical reactions that lead to the reduction of the ozone layer that protects Earth's surface from sunlight.
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP): These are chemicals that affect health and the environment. can cause cancer, birth defects, nervous system disorders and even death
Lead: This is a highly toxic metal that causes a variety of disorders, especially in young children. It can affect the nervous system and cause digestive problems.Some lead-containing chemicals are carcinogenic. Lead also damages the wildlife.
Ozone (O3): This gas is a form of oxygen, which, unlike the latter, contains three atoms of oxygen instead of ozone dos.El respiratory tract irritation, chest pain, persistent cough, inability to breathe deeply and increased susceptibility to lung infections. Environmental level, it is harmful to trees and reduces visibility.
Nitrogen oxide (NOx) from the combustion of gasoline, coal and other fuels. It is one of the main causes of smog and acid rain. The first is produced by the reaction of nitrogen oxides with volatile organic compounds. At high concentrations, smog can cause breathing difficulties in people with asthma, coughing in children and disorders of the respiratory system in general. Acid rain affects the vegetation and alters the water chemistry of lakes and rivers, making it potentially uninhabitable for bacteria, except for those with acid tolerance.
Particles: This category includes all types of solid matter in suspension in the form of smoke, dust and fumes. In addition, to reduce the visibility and ground cover, inhaling these microscopic particles that lodge in the lung tissue is the cause of various respiratory diseases.
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is an odorless gas when in low concentrations but at high concentration has an odor very strong. It is produced by the combustion of coal, especially in thermal power plants. It also comes from certain industrial processes such as papermaking and metal smelting. Like nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide is a major contributor to smog and acid rain. It is closely related to sulfuric acid, which is a strong acid. May cause damage to vegetation and metals and cause permanent lung damage and respiratory problems

WATER POLLUTION

Some contaminants are:

- Hydrocarbons. These are chains of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Can be further divided into two classes, the first consisting of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes (gas or liquid) and the second are the aromatic hydrocarbons, which contain ring structures(liquid or solid). Aromatic hydrocarbons are more reactive than either of the first class of oil types.

- PCB's are those fluids, both liquids and gases used in the hydraulic industry, or used in the coolant, or as plasticizers in paints. There are many different kinds ofPCB's. None of them are soluble in water and in many countries, PCB's are restricted and regulated by law to use.

- Insecticides such as DDT are very dangerous because they accumulate in the fatof animals and, from them, fall into the food chain.

- Detergents. These can be both polar and nonpolar.

SOIL POLLUTION

CONSTITUENTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE LAND:
A soil is a biogeochemical system that maintains the biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere a
exchange of matter and energy.
The crowd is made up of constituents that differ on average in three categories:
Category 1: Approximately 45%. It is inorganic matter or mineral (ionic species, carbonates,
sulfides)
Category 2: Approximately 5%. The organic matter. (humic substances, proteins, salts)
Category 3: 20% or 30% of the liquid phases are occupying spaces and soft drinks
between porous solid particles.


MATERIAL SOLID GROUND:
The solid material that forms part of the soil is very diverse and is divided into two classes: organic material
inorganic material.
Inorganic materials:
Colloidal particles: They come from the erosion of underlying rocks and minerals are made up
clayey. They have high adsorption capacity becoming warehouses for water and nutrients
plants.
Minerals: The main ones are quartz and various silicates from the disintegration of the rocks
igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Oxides: Primarily iron oxides, hence the typical ocher. And to a lesser extent the
oxides of magnesium, titanium, aluminum and zinc.
Carbonates: The main cálcioco carbonate, are a great source of carbon with abundant
on the ground.


ORGANIC MATERIAL:
It consists of a mixture of biomass, plants partially degraded, and microscopicorganisms
humus.
Humus is the waste caused by the action of fungi and bacteria on plants and is composed of
a soluble fraction and an insoluble fraction, the humin. This component plays an important role in
physical and chemical processes that occur in the soil.